Can authoritarian governments still deliver economic growth and good public services?
Yes. Authoritarian power sometimes builds professional administration, invests in infrastructure, health care or education in the long run and ensures rapid economic growth. The absence of political competition can make it easier to implement a long plan, but at the same time removes important ways to detect and correct the mistake early.
That is why the results are very different: some authorities have been growing for decades, while others have been producing corruption, wrong big investments and sudden crises, the price of which citizens cannot politically charge. Good service or growth is not proof that the government has the right to unlimited power, just as a bad result is not the only sign of authoritarianism. The economic performance, the distribution of benefits, the reliability of data and the ability of citizens to seek accountability when the policy fails should be measured separately.
A comparison of average results can hide unsuccessful authorities that did not last long. Economic growth is not proof that the government or its rules are democratically justified.
Works supporting this answer, with their evidence type and an explanation of how they relate to the claim.
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Geddes, B., Wright, J. i Frantz, E. (2018), How Dictatorships Work, Cambridge University Press.
- Contribution to this answer
- Geddes, Wright and Frantz show how much authoritarian regimes differ from each other in who governs, how power is organized and how much is concentrated around one man. For this issue, they are important primarily as a warning that from the label itself “autocracy” we can not infer how capable the state will be but the book is not a direct survey of economic growth or public services.
Development and verification of measurement methods
Hanson, J. K. i Sigman, R. (2021), „Leviathan’s Latent Dimensions: Measuring State Capacity for Comparative Political Research“, Journal of Politics 83(4): 1495–1510.
- Contribution to this answer
- Hanson and Sigman show that the “capable state” is not one thing: in particular, they measure the state’s ability to collect resources, to enforce order, and to administer policies and services. These capabilities are connected, but they are not the same the state can be much more successful in one job than in another.
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Dahlström, C. i Lapuente, V. (2022), „Comparative Bureaucratic Politics“, Annual Review of Political Science 25: 43–63.
- Contribution to this answer
- Dahlstrm and Lapuente review how different ways of organizing bureaucracy affect the three things that interest us here economic development, corruption and the quality of public services. They show that the result depends on the relationship between political control, professional autonomy, rules and management freedom, and not just on the type of regime.
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Pepinsky, T. B., Pierskalla, J. H. i Sacks, A. (2017), „Bureaucracy and Service Delivery“, Annual Review of Political Science 20: 249–268.
- Contribution to this answer
- Pepinsky, Pierscalla and Sacks show why good public services are not created simply by the state hiring more people or spending more money: the way the bureaucracy is organized, its relationship with the political top, and how well the officials are really connected to the people to whom they provide the services.
comparing several countries or cases
Svolik, M. W. (2012), The Politics of Authoritarian Rule, Cambridge University Press.
- Contribution to this answer
- Svolik explains the political problems that authoritarian authorities must constantly solve control of society and power sharing within the regime. This helps us understand why resources and institutions are not necessarily organized according to what would be best for citizens, but the book is not immediate proof that autocracy can or cannot produce growth and good services.
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